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Extensible Markup Language  |  2009-04-28  |  54.6 KB  |  799 lines
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
  3. <!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent">
  4. <!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd.">
  5. <!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project">
  6. <!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>">
  7. <!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide">
  8. <!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope">
  9. <!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04">
  10. <!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009">
  11. <!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty">
  12. <!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope">
  13. <!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.27">
  14. <!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.1">
  15. <!ENTITY glibc-version "2.8">
  16. <!ENTITY python-version "2.5">
  17. <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml">
  18. <!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml">
  19. <!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'>
  20. <!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/">
  21. <!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'>
  22. <!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/">
  23. <!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'>
  24. <!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en">
  25. <!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com">
  26. <!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com">
  27. <!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode">
  28. <!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com">
  29. <!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu">
  30. <!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu">
  31. <!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu">
  32. <!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu">
  33. <!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com">
  34. <!ENTITY ubuntu-web "http://www.ubuntu.com">
  35. <!ENTITY ubuntu-main "http://www.ubuntu.com">
  36. <!ENTITY ubuntu-download "http://www.ubuntu.com/download">
  37. <!ENTITY ubuntu-forums "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums">
  38. <!ENTITY ubuntu-components "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/components">
  39. <!ENTITY ubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com">
  40. <!ENTITY ubuntu-wiki "http://wiki.ubuntu.com">
  41. <!ENTITY ubuntu-bugzilla "https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+bugs">
  42. <!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-bugs "https://launchpad.net/products/ubuntu-doc/+bugs">
  43. <!ENTITY ubuntu-support "http://www.ubuntu.com/support">
  44. <!ENTITY ubuntu-paidsupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid">
  45. <!ENTITY ubuntu-freesupport "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/free">
  46. <!ENTITY ubuntu-comments "http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=21787">
  47. <!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation "http://help.ubuntu.com">
  48. <!ENTITY ubuntu-documentation-repos "https://docteam.ubuntu.com/repos/trunk">
  49. <!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-team "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam">
  50. <!ENTITY ubuntu-doc-list "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc">
  51. <!ENTITY ubuntu-shipit "http://shipit.ubuntu.com">
  52. <!ENTITY ubuntu-launchpad "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com">
  53. <!ENTITY ubuntu-rosetta "https://launchpad.ubuntu.com/rosetta">
  54. <!ENTITY ubuntu-planet "http://planet.ubuntu.com">
  55. <!ENTITY ubuntu-philosophy "http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy">
  56. <!ENTITY ubuntu-participate "http://www.ubuntu.com/community/participate/">
  57. <!ENTITY ubuntu-marketplace "http://www.ubuntu.com/support/marketplace">
  58. <!ENTITY ubuntu-hwdb "http://hwdb.ubuntu.com">
  59. <!-- UBUNTU WIKI RESOURCES --><!ENTITY wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
  60. <!ENTITY restricted-formats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
  61. <!ENTITY wiki-RestrictedFormats "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">
  62. <!ENTITY wiki-XChatHowto "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/XChatHowto">
  63. <!ENTITY wiki-RootSudo "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">
  64. <!ENTITY wiki-HowToGetHelp "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToGetHelp">
  65. <!ENTITY transcode "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDRippingandEncoding">
  66. <!ENTITY wiki-Wine "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine">
  67. <!ENTITY wiki-Cedega "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Cedega">
  68. <!ENTITY wiki-Nano "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NanoHowto">
  69. <!ENTITY wiki-locoteams "https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList">
  70. <!ENTITY wiki-BasicCommands "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BasicCommands">
  71. <!ENTITY wiki-filepermissions "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions">
  72. <!-- KUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY kubuntu-web "http://www.kubuntu.org">
  73. <!ENTITY kubuntu-main "http://www.kubuntu.org">
  74. <!ENTITY kubuntu-download "http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/">
  75. <!ENTITY kubuntu-packages "http://packages.ubuntu.com/edgy/">
  76. <!ENTITY kubuntu-cdpackages-nodefault "http://people.ubuntu.com/~cjwatson/seeds/kubuntu-edgy/ship">
  77. <!ENTITY kubuntu-lists "http://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users/">
  78. <!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-users "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users/">
  79. <!ENTITY kubuntu-lists-devel "http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel/">
  80. <!ENTITY kubuntu-mirrors "http://distrowatch.com/kubuntu">
  81. <!ENTITY kubuntu-forums "http://kubuntuforums.net">
  82. <!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki "https://wiki.kubuntu.org">
  83. <!ENTITY kubuntu-documentation-site "http://www.kubuntu.org/documentation.php">
  84. <!ENTITY kubuntu-wiki-UserDocumentation "https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation">
  85. <!ENTITY kubuntu-support "http://www.kubuntu.org/support.php">
  86. <!-- XUBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY xubuntu-web "http://www.xubuntu.org">
  87. <!ENTITY xubuntu-main "http://www.xubuntu.org">
  88. <!ENTITY xubuntu-web-help "http://www.xubuntu.org/help">
  89. <!-- DEBIAN RESOURCES --><!ENTITY debian-apt "http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto">
  90. <!-- EXTERNAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY linmodem "http://www.linmodems.org/">
  91. <!ENTITY gnome "http://www.gnome.org/">
  92. <!ENTITY linuxorg "http://www.linux.org/">
  93. <!ENTITY ooo "http://www.openoffice.org/">
  94. <!ENTITY kde "http://www.kde.org/">
  95. <!ENTITY lugww "http://lugww.counter.li.org/">
  96. <!ENTITY ubuntu-watch "http://distrowatch.com/ubuntu/">
  97. <!ENTITY realplayer-download "http://www.real.com/linux/">
  98. <!ENTITY nvu-download "http://www.nvu.com/download.html">
  99. <!ENTITY sunjava-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
  100. <!ENTITY xorg "http://www.x.org">
  101. <!ENTITY dyndns "http://www.dyndns.org">
  102. <!ENTITY shoutcast "http://www.shoutcast.com/">
  103. <!ENTITY freedomtoaster "http://www.freedomtoaster.org/">
  104. <!ENTITY xfce "http://www.xfce.org/">
  105. <!-- ubuntu-screenshots TODO --><!ENTITY kubuntu-screenshots "http://shots.osdir.com/">
  106. <!ENTITY mozilla "http://www.mozilla.org/">
  107. <!ENTITY mozilla-firefox "http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">
  108. <!ENTITY gnu "http://www.gnu.org/">
  109. <!ENTITY gnu-philosophy "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">
  110. <!ENTITY win4lin "http://www.win4lin.com">
  111. <!ENTITY codeweavers "http://www.codeweavers.com">
  112. <!ENTITY kernel "http://www.kernel.org">
  113. <!ENTITY google "http://www.google.com">
  114. <!ENTITY kdelook " http://www.kde-look.org">
  115. <!ENTITY lulu-store "http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc">
  116. <!-- this entity controls the url for addons--><!ENTITY java-download "http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp">
  117. <!ENTITY skype-deb "skype_1.2.0.17-1_i386.deb">
  118. <!ENTITY skype-download "http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb">
  119. <!ENTITY scanmodem-gz "scanModem.gz">
  120. <!ENTITY scanmodem-url "http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz">
  121. <!ENTITY ext2fs-url "http://www.fs-driver.org/index.html">
  122. <!ENTITY mvb-tar "mvb_1.6.tgz">
  123. <!ENTITY mvb-url "http://www.xscd.com/pub/mvb/&mvb-tar;">
  124. <!-- TLDP --><!ENTITY ldp-pre-install-check "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">
  125. <!-- LANGUAGES (sorted by two letter code)--><!ENTITY Afar "aa">
  126. <!ENTITY Abkhazian "ab">
  127. <!ENTITY Afrikaans "af">
  128. <!ENTITY Amharic "af">
  129. <!ENTITY Arabic "ar">
  130. <!ENTITY Assamese "as">
  131. <!ENTITY Aymara "ay">
  132. <!ENTITY Azerbaijani "az">
  133. <!ENTITY Bashkir "ba">
  134. <!ENTITY Byelorussian "be">
  135. <!ENTITY Bulgarian "bg">
  136. <!ENTITY Bihari "bh">
  137. <!ENTITY Bislama "bi">
  138. <!ENTITY Bangla "bn">
  139. <!ENTITY Bengali "bn">
  140. <!ENTITY Tibetan "bo">
  141. <!ENTITY Breton "br">
  142. <!ENTITY Catalan "ca">
  143. <!ENTITY Corsican "co">
  144. <!ENTITY Czech "cs">
  145. <!ENTITY Welsh "cy">
  146. <!ENTITY Danish "da">
  147. <!ENTITY German "de">
  148. <!ENTITY Bhutani "dz">
  149. <!ENTITY Greek "el">
  150. <!-- <!ENTITY EnglishAmerican 'en'> --><!ENTITY EnglishAmerican "C">
  151. <!ENTITY Esperanto "eo">
  152. <!ENTITY Spanish "es">
  153. <!ENTITY Estonian "et">
  154. <!ENTITY Basque "eu">
  155. <!ENTITY Persian "fa">
  156. <!ENTITY Finnish "fi">
  157. <!ENTITY Fiji "fj">
  158. <!ENTITY Faeroese "fo">
  159. <!ENTITY French "fr">
  160. <!ENTITY Frisian "fy">
  161. <!ENTITY Irish "ga">
  162. <!ENTITY Gaelic "gd">
  163. <!ENTITY ScotsGaelic "gd">
  164. <!ENTITY Galician "gl">
  165. <!ENTITY Guarani "gn">
  166. <!ENTITY Gujarati "gu">
  167. <!ENTITY Hausa "ha">
  168. <!ENTITY Hindi "hi">
  169. <!ENTITY Croatian "hr">
  170. <!ENTITY Hungarian "hu">
  171. <!ENTITY Armenian "hy">
  172. <!ENTITY Interlingua "ia">
  173. <!ENTITY Interlingue "ie">
  174. <!ENTITY Inupiak "ik">
  175. <!ENTITY Indonesian "in">
  176. <!ENTITY Icelandic "is">
  177. <!ENTITY Italian "it">
  178. <!ENTITY Hebrew "iw">
  179. <!ENTITY Japanese "ja">
  180. <!ENTITY Yiddish "ji">
  181. <!ENTITY Javanese "jw">
  182. <!ENTITY Georgian "ka">
  183. <!ENTITY Kazakh "kk">
  184. <!ENTITY Greenlandic "kl">
  185. <!ENTITY Cambodian "km">
  186. <!ENTITY Kannada "kn">
  187. <!ENTITY Korean "ko">
  188. <!ENTITY Kashmiri "ks">
  189. <!ENTITY Kurdish "ku">
  190. <!ENTITY Kirghiz "ky">
  191. <!ENTITY Latin "la">
  192. <!ENTITY Lingala "ln">
  193. <!ENTITY Laothian "lo">
  194. <!ENTITY Lithuanian "lt">
  195. <!ENTITY Latvian "lv">
  196. <!ENTITY Lettish "lv">
  197. <!ENTITY Malagasy "mg">
  198. <!ENTITY Maori "mi">
  199. <!ENTITY Macedonian "mk">
  200. <!ENTITY Malayalam "ml">
  201. <!ENTITY Mongolian "mn">
  202. <!ENTITY Moldavian "mo">
  203. <!ENTITY Marathi "mr">
  204. <!ENTITY Malay "ms">
  205. <!ENTITY Maltese "mt">
  206. <!ENTITY Burmese "my">
  207. <!ENTITY Nauru "na">
  208. <!ENTITY Nepali "ne">
  209. <!ENTITY Dutch "nl">
  210. <!ENTITY Norwegian "no">
  211. <!ENTITY Occitan "oc">
  212. <!ENTITY Afan "om">
  213. <!ENTITY Oromo "om">
  214. <!ENTITY Oriya "or">
  215. <!ENTITY Punjabi "pa">
  216. <!ENTITY Polish "pl">
  217. <!ENTITY Pushto "ps">
  218. <!ENTITY Pashto "ps">
  219. <!ENTITY Portuguese "pt">
  220. <!ENTITY Quechua "qu">
  221. <!ENTITY Rhaeto-Romance "rm">
  222. <!ENTITY Kirundi "rn">
  223. <!ENTITY Romanian "ro">
  224. <!ENTITY Russian "ru">
  225. <!ENTITY Kinyarwanda "rw">
  226. <!ENTITY Sanskrit "sa">
  227. <!ENTITY Sindhi "sd">
  228. <!ENTITY Sangro "sg">
  229. <!ENTITY Serbo-Croatian "sh">
  230. <!ENTITY Singhalese "si">
  231. <!ENTITY Slovak "sk">
  232. <!ENTITY Slovenian "sl">
  233. <!ENTITY Samoan "sm">
  234. <!ENTITY Shona "sn">
  235. <!ENTITY Somali "so">
  236. <!ENTITY Albanian "sq">
  237. <!ENTITY Serbian "sr">
  238. <!ENTITY Siswati "ss">
  239. <!ENTITY Sesotho "st">
  240. <!ENTITY Sudanese "su">
  241. <!ENTITY Swedish "sv">
  242. <!ENTITY Swahili "sw">
  243. <!ENTITY Tamil "ta">
  244. <!ENTITY Tegulu "te">
  245. <!ENTITY Tajik "tg">
  246. <!ENTITY Thai "th">
  247. <!ENTITY Tigrinya "ti">
  248. <!ENTITY Turkmen "tk">
  249. <!ENTITY Tagalog "tl">
  250. <!ENTITY Setswana "tn">
  251. <!ENTITY Tonga "to">
  252. <!ENTITY Turkish "tr">
  253. <!ENTITY Tsonga "ts">
  254. <!ENTITY Tatar "tt">
  255. <!ENTITY Twi "tw">
  256. <!ENTITY Ukrainian "uk">
  257. <!ENTITY Urdu "ur">
  258. <!ENTITY Uzbek "uz">
  259. <!ENTITY Vietnamese "vi">
  260. <!ENTITY Volapuk "vo">
  261. <!ENTITY Wolof "wo">
  262. <!ENTITY Xhosa "xh">
  263. <!ENTITY Yoruba "yo">
  264. <!ENTITY Chinese "zh">
  265. <!ENTITY Zulu "zu">
  266. <!ENTITY % gnome-menus-C SYSTEM "../../libs/gnome-menus-C.ent">
  267. <!-- MENUS --><!-- Please keep entries alphabetical, it makes them much easier to find & use --><!ENTITY about-me "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>About-me</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  268. <!ENTITY accessories "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  269. <!ENTITY acro-read "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Acrobat Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  270. <!ENTITY administration "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  271. <!ENTITY aisleriot "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>AisleRiot Solitaire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  272. <!ENTITY amule "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  273. <!ENTITY anjuta-ide "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Anjuta IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  274. <!ENTITY archive-man "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  275. <!ENTITY assistive-technology-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Assistive Technology Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  276. <!ENTITY audacity "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Audacity</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  277. <!ENTITY azureus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Azureus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  278. <!ENTITY baobab "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disk Usage Analyzer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  279. <!ENTITY bittorrent "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bittorrent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  280. <!ENTITY blender3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Blender 3d modeller</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  281. <!ENTITY bluefish "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Bluefish Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  282. <!ENTITY boot "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Boot</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  283. <!ENTITY brasero "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Brasero Disc Burning</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  284. <!ENTITY bum "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Boot-up Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  285. <!ENTITY bzrgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Olive bazaar Branch Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  286. <!ENTITY calculator "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  287. <!ENTITY character-map "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Character Map</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  288. <!ENTITY compizconfig "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>CompizConfig Settings Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  289. <!ENTITY computer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Computer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  290. <!ENTITY connecttoserver "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Connect to Server...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  291. <!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem>    </menuchoice>">
  292. <!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  293. <!ENTITY computer-janitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  294. <!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  295. <!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Visual Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  296. <!ENTITY desktop-preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  297. <!ENTITY devhelp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Devhelp</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  298. <!ENTITY device-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Information</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  299. <!ENTITY dictionary "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Dictionary</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  300. <!ENTITY disks "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Disks</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  301. <!ENTITY downloader-x "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Downloader for X</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  302. <!ENTITY eclipse-ide "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Eclipse IDE</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  303. <!ENTITY ekiga "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ekiga Softphone</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  304. <!ENTITY efax-gtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Office</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Efax-gtk</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  305. <!ENTITY etherape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Etherape</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  306. <!ENTITY evolution-mail "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Evolution Mail</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  307. <!ENTITY file-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>File Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  308. <!ENTITY firefox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Firefox Web Browser</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  309. <!ENTITY firestarter-firewall-tool "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  310. <!ENTITY five-or-more "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Five or More</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  311. <!ENTITY font "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Font</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  312. <!ENTITY f-spot "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>F-Spot Photo Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  313. <!ENTITY frozen-bubble "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Frozen Bubble</guisubmenu></menuchoice> to play <application>Frozen Bubble</application>">
  314. <!ENTITY gambas "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Gambas</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  315. <!ENTITY games "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  316. <!ENTITY gdesklets "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gDesklets</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  317. <!ENTITY gftp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gFTP</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  318. <!ENTITY gimp "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GIMP Image Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  319. <!ENTITY gnome-app-install "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  320. <!ENTITY gnome-config-editor "<screen><command>gconf-editor</command></screen>">
  321. <!ENTITY gnome-sound-recorder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound Recorder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  322. <!ENTITY gparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Gnome Partition Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  323. <!ENTITY graphics "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  324. <!ENTITY gthumb "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gThumb Image Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  325. <!ENTITY gtkpod "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>gtkpod</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  326. <!ENTITY gnucash "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>GnuCash Finance Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  327. <!ENTITY gxine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>gxine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  328. <!ENTITY home-folder "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Home Folder</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  329. <!ENTITY homebank "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  330. <!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  331. <!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  332. <!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  333. <!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  334. <!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  335. <!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  336. <!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  337. <!ENTITY language-support "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Language Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  338. <!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  339. <!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  340. <!ENTITY lockscreen "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Lock Screen</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  341. <!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  342. <!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  343. <!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  344. <!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  345. <!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  346. <!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  347. <!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  348. <!ENTITY mtink "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>mtink</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  349. <!ENTITY music "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Music</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  350. <!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  351. <!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  352. <!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  353. <!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  354. <!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  355. <!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  356. <!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  357. <!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  358. <!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  359. <!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  360. <!ENTITY openoffice-base "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  361. <!ENTITY openoffice-draw "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Draw</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  362. <!ENTITY openoffice-presentation "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  363. <!ENTITY openoffice-spreadsheet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  364. <!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  365. <!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  366. <!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  367. <!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  368. <!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  369. <!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  370. <!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  371. <!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  372. <!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  373. <!ENTITY print "<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  374. <!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  375. <!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  376. <!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  377. <!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  378. <!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer 11</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  379. <!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  380. <!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  381. <!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  382. <!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  383. <!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  384. <!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  385. <!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  386. <!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Serpentine Audio CD Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  387. <!ENTITY services "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  388. <!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  389. <!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  390. <!ENTITY skype "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Skype</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  391. <!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  392. <!ENTITY software-sources "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  393. <!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  394. <!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  395. <!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Audio CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  396. <!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  397. <!ENTITY shutdown "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Shut Down...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  398. <!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  399. <!ENTITY system-monitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  400. <!ENTITY systemtools "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  401. <!ENTITY terminal "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  402. <!ENTITY text-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  403. <!ENTITY theme "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  404. <!ENTITY thunderbird "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mozilla Thunderbird Mail/News</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  405. <!ENTITY time-date "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  406. <!ENTITY totem "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Movie Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  407. <!ENTITY touchpad "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  408. <!ENTITY tremulous "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Tremulous</guisubmenu></menuchoice>">
  409. <!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ubuntu Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  410. <!ENTITY update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  411. <!ENTITY users "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  412. <!ENTITY users-groups "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  413. <!ENTITY windows "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  414. <!ENTITY wireshark "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Wireshark</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  415. <!ENTITY xchat-gnome "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  416. <!ENTITY xine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>xine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  417. <!ENTITY xmms "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XMMS</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  418. <!ENTITY xsane "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XSane Image Scanner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>">
  419. <!ENTITY language "en">
  420. ]>
  421. <article lang="zh_CN">
  422.   <articleinfo>
  423.     <title>‰ΩøÁî®ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°å</title>
  424.     
  425.     <legalnotice id="legal">
  426.         <title>Ë¥°ÁåƉ∏éËÆ∏ÂèØ</title>
  427.         <para>Ê≠§ÊñáÊ°£Áî± Ubuntu ÊñáÊ°£Â∞èÁªÑÁª¥Ê䧠(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam)„ÄÇË¥°ÁåÆËÄÖÁöÑÂàóË°®‰Ωç‰∫é<ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">Ë¥°ÁåÆËÄÖÈ°µÈù¢</ulink></para>
  428.         <para>Êú¨ÊñáÊ°£Á≥ªÂü∫‰∫é Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA) ÊéàÊùÉËÆ∏ÂèØÂèëÂ∏É„ÄÇ</para>
  429.         <para>‰Ω†Âè؉ª•Âü∫‰∫éÊú¨ËÆ∏ÂèØÁöÑÊù°Ê¨æËÄåËá™Áî±Âú∞ÂØπ Ubuntu ÊñáÊ°£Ê∫ꉪ£Á†ÅËøõË°å‰øÆÊ≠£„ÄÅÊâ©ÂÖÖ‰ª•ÂèäÊîπÂñÑ„ÄÇÊâÄÊúâË°çÁîü‰ΩúÂìÅÂøÖÈ°ªÂü∫‰∫éÊú¨ËÆ∏ÂèØÂèëÂ∏É„ÄÇ</para>
  430.         <para>ÂèëÂ∏ÉÊú¨ÊñáÊ°£ÊòØÂ∏åÊúõÂÆÉËÉΩÊúâÁî®Ôºå‰ΩÜÊà뉪¨Âπ∂‰∏çÊèê‰æõ‰ªª‰ΩïÊãÖ‰øùÔºõ¶ÇÂÖçË¥£Â£∞Êòé‰∏≠ÊâÄËø∞ÔºåÊà뉪¨‰∏çÂØπÂÖ∂ÈÄÇÈîÄÊÄßÊàñÁâπÂÆöÁî®ÈÄîÁöÑÈÄÇÁî®ÊÄßÊèê‰æõȪòÁ§∫ÊãÖ‰øù„ÄÇ</para>
  431.         <para>ËÆ∏ÂèØËØÅÁöÑÂâØÊú¨‰Ωç‰∫éÔºö<ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para>
  432.     </legalnotice>
  433. <copyright>
  434.     <year>2008</year>
  435.     <holder>Canonical ÂÖ¨Âè∏Âíå <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">Ubuntu ÊñáÊ°£È°πÁõÆ</ulink> ÁöÑÊàêÂëò</holder>
  436. </copyright>
  437. <publisher>
  438.     <publishername>Ubuntu ÊñáÊ°£È°πÁõÆ</publishername>
  439. </publisher>
  440.  
  441.   </articleinfo>
  442.   <sect1 id="using-this-guide" status="review">
  443.     <title>‰ΩøÁî®Êú¨ÂêëÂغ</title>
  444.     <para>
  445.       <emphasis>"Âú® Linux GUIsÔºàÂõæÂΩ¢Áî®Êà∑ÁïåÈù¢Ôºâ‰∏ãÔºå‰Ω†Âè؉ª•ÈÄöËøáÊåáÂêë„ÄÅÁÇπÂáªÂíåÊãñÊãΩȺ†Ê†áÂ∞±Âè؉ª•ÂúÜʪ°Âú∞ÂÆåÊàêÂ∑•‰ΩúÔºåËÄåÊó†ÈúÄÈòÖËت§ßÈáèÁöÑÊñáÊ°£„Äljº†ÁªüÁöÑ Unix ÁéØ¢ÉÊò؉∏ĉ∏™ CLIÔºàÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÁïåÈù¢ÔºâÔºå‰Ω†Âè™ËÉΩÈÄöËøáÈîÆÂÖ•ÂëΩ‰ª§Êù•ÂëäËØâËÆ°ÁÆóÊú∫˶ÅÂÅö‰ªÄ‰πà„ÄÇËôΩÁÑ∂ÂÆÉÊõ¥Âø´‰πüÊõ¥Âº∫§ßÔºå‰ΩÜÂÆÉÁü•ÈÅìÈúÄ˶ÅÂÖ∑‰ΩìÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§Êò؉ªÄ‰πà„ÄÇ"--ÈÄâËá™ <emphasis role="strong">ÊâãÂÜ剪ãÁªç</emphasis></emphasis>
  446.     </para>
  447.     <para>Ëøô‰ªΩÊåáÂçóÂ∞ÜÂ∏ÆÂä©‰Ω†ÁÜüÊÇâÂü∫Êú¨ÁöÑ GNU/Linux Áî®Êà∑Êé•Âè£ÂëΩ‰ª§„ÄÇËøô‰∏çÊò؉∏ĉ∏™ÂÆåÊï¥ÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÊåáÂçóÔºåËÄåÂè™Êò؉Ωú‰∏∫‰∏ĉ∏™Ë°•ÂÖÖ‰ªãÁªç Ubuntu ÂõæÂΩ¢ÁïåÈù¢ÁöÑÂ∑•ÂÖ∑„ÄÇ</para>
  448.     <para>
  449.       <itemizedlist>
  450.     <listitem>
  451.       <para>ÊâÄÊúâÂëΩ‰ª§Âêç„ÄÅÊñቪ∂ÂêçÊàñË∑ØÂæÑÈÉΩ‰ºöÊòØ<command>Á≠âÂÆΩ(monospace)Â≠ó‰Ωì</command>„ÄÇ</para>
  452.     </listitem>
  453.     <listitem>
  454.       <para>Ëøô‰ªΩÊåáÂçó‰∏≠ÁöÑÊâÄÊúâÂëΩ‰ª§ÈÉΩÂè؉ª•Âú®<application>ÁªàÁ´Ø</application>ÁöÑÊèêÁ§∫Á¨¶ÂêéÈù¢ÈîÆÂÖ•ÔºåÂÆÉÂ∞܉ºöË¢´ÊòæÁ§∫‰∏∫: <screen>˶ÅËæìÂÖ•ÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§</screen></para>
  455.     </listitem>
  456.     <listitem>
  457.       <para><emphasis role="strong">Ê≥®ÊÑèÔºåLinuxÊòاßÂ∞èÂÜôÊïèÊÑüÁöÑ„ÄÇ</emphasis> User, user, Âíå USER ÂØπ Linux Êù•ËØ¥ÈÉΩÊò؉∏çÂêåÁöÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  458.     </listitem>
  459.       </itemizedlist>
  460.     </para>
  461.   </sect1>
  462.  
  463.   <sect1 id="starting-terminal" status="review">
  464.     <title>ÂêØÂ䮉∏ĉ∏™ÁªàÁ´Ø</title>
  465.     <para>˶ÅÊâìºĉ∏ĉ∏™<application>ÁªàÁ´Ø</application>ÔºåËØ∑ÊåâÁÖ߉∏ãÈù¢ÁöÑÊ≠•È™§Ôºö</para>
  466.     <para>
  467.       <itemizedlist>
  468.     <listitem>
  469.       <para>ÈÄâÊã©<menuchoice><guimenu>Â∫îÁî®Á®ãÂ∫è</guimenu><guimenuitem>Èôщª∂</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>ÁªàÁ´Ø</guimenuitem></menuchoice>;</para>
  470.     </listitem>
  471.     <listitem>
  472.       <para>ÊàñËÄÖÈîÆÂÖ•<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>Âπ∂ÈîÆÂÖ•<command>gnome-terminal</command>„ÄÇ</para>
  473.     </listitem>
  474.       </itemizedlist>
  475.     </para>
  476.    </sect1>
  477.   
  478.   <sect1 id="files-directories-commands" status="review">
  479.     <title>Êñቪ∂ÂíåÁõÆÂΩïÂëΩ‰ª§</title>
  480.  
  481.     <sect2 id="cd" status="review">
  482.       <title>cd</title>
  483.       <para><command>cd</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§ÊîπÂèòÁõÆÂΩï„ÄÇ ÊâìºÄÁªàÁ´ØÂêéÊÇ®‰Ωç‰∫é‰∏ªÁõÆÂΩï„ÄÇ˶ÅÂú®Á≥ªÁªü‰∏≠ÁߪÂä®ÔºåÈúÄ˶ʼnΩøÁî® <command>cd</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§„ÄÇ</para>
  484.     <itemizedlist>
  485.       <listitem>
  486.         <para>˶ÅʵèËßàÂà∞ʆπÁõÆÂΩïÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>cd /</screen></para>
  487.       </listitem>
  488.  
  489.       <listitem>
  490.         <para>˶ÅʵèËßà‰Ω†Áöщ∏ªÁõÆÂΩïÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>cd</screen>ÊàñËÄÖ<screen>cd ~</screen></para>
  491.         <note>
  492.                 <para><command>~</command>‰ª£Ë°®ÂΩìÂâçÁî®Êà∑Áöщ∏ªÁõÆÂΩï„ÄÇÊ≠£Â¶Ç‰∏äÈù¢‰ªãÁªçÁöÑÔºå <command>cd ~</command> Á≠≪∑‰∫é <command>cd /home/username/</command>„ÄÇ ÁÑ∂ËÄåÔºåÂΩì‰Ωú‰∏∫ root Áî®Êà∑Êó∂(‰æã¶ljΩøÁî® <command>sudo</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§)Ôºå <command>~</command> ÊåáÂêë <filename class="directory">/root</filename>„ÄÇÂΩì‰ΩøÁî® <command>sudo</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§Êó∂ÔºåÈúÄ˶ÅÊèê‰æõ‰∏ªÁõÆÂΩïÁöÑÂÆåÊï¥Ë∑ØÂæÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  493.       </note>
  494.       </listitem>
  495.  
  496.       <listitem>
  497.         <para>˶ÅʵèËßà‰∏ä‰∏ıÇÁõÆÂΩïÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>cd ..</screen></para>
  498.       </listitem>
  499.  
  500.       <listitem>
  501.         <para>˶ÅʵèËßàÂÖàÂâçÁöÑÁõÆÂΩï(ÊàñËÄÖÂêéÈÄÄ), ÈîÆÂÖ•: <screen>cd -</screen></para>
  502.       </listitem>
  503.  
  504.       <listitem>
  505.         <para>¶ÇÈúÄË∑®Ëøá§öÁ∫ßÁõÆÂΩïÂèòÊõ¥ÂΩìÂâçÁõÆÂΩïÔºåÈúÄ˶ÅÊåáÊòéÊÇ®ÊÉ≥ËøõÂÖ•ÁöÑÁõÆÂΩïÁöÑÂÆåÊï¥Ë∑ØÂæÑ„ÄljæãÂ≠ê‰∏ÄÔºåËã•Áõ¥Êé•ËøõÂÖ•ÁõÆÂΩï <filename class="directory">/var/</filename> ‰∏ãÁöÑÂ≠êÁõÆÂΩï <filename class="directory">/www</filename>ÔºåÂàôÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>cd /var/www</screen>„ÄljæãÂ≠ê‰∫åÔºåËã•ËøõÂÖ• home ÁõÆÂΩï‰∏ãÁöÑÂ≠êÁõÆÂΩï <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename>ÔºåÂàôÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>cd ~/Desktop</screen>„ÄÇ</para>
  506.       </listitem>
  507.     </itemizedlist>
  508.     </sect2>
  509.  
  510.     <sect2 id="pwd" status="review">
  511.       <title>pwd</title>
  512.       <para><command>pwd</command> ÂëΩ‰ª§Á∫éÊòæÁ§∫ÂΩìÂâçÊâÄÂú®ÁöÑÁõÆÂΩï (<acronym>pwd</acronym> ‰ª£Ë°® <quote>print working directory</quote>)„Äljæã¶ÇÂú® <filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> ÁõÆÂΩïËæìÂÖ• <screen>pwd</screen>ÔºåÂ∞܉ºöÊòæÁ§∫ <computeroutput>/home/username/Desktop</computeroutput>„ÄÇ<note>
  513.       <para><application>GNOME ÁªàÁ´Ø</application>‰πü‰ºöÂú®Á™óÂè£ÁöÑʆáÈ¢òʆèÊòæÁ§∫ËØ•‰ø°ÊÅØ„ÄÇ</para>
  514.     </note></para>
  515.     </sect2>
  516.     
  517.     <sect2 id="ls" status="review">
  518.       <title>ls</title>
  519.       <para><command>ls</command> ËæìÂá∫ÂΩìÂâçÁõÆÂΩïÁöÑÊñቪ∂ÂàóË°®„Äljæã¶ÇÔºåËæìÂÖ•<screen>ls ~</screen> Â∞܉ºöÊòæÁ§∫Áî®Êà∑‰∏ªÁõÆÂΩï‰∏≠ÁöÑÊñቪ∂„ÄÇ</para>
  520.       <para><command>ls</command> ÂëΩ‰ª§Â䆉∏ä <command>-l</command> ÂèÇÊï∞ÔºåÂ∞܉ºöÂàóÂá∫Èô§Êñቪ∂Âêç§ñÁöщ∏ĉ∫õÂÖ∂‰ªñ‰ø°ÊÅØÔºå¶ÇÊñቪ∂ÁöÑÊâÄÊúâËÄÖԺ剪•ÂèäÂΩìÂâçÁî®Êà∑ÂØπÊñቪ∂ÊâÄÊã•ÊúâÁöÑÊùÉÈôê„ÄÇ</para> 
  521.     </sect2>
  522.  
  523.     <sect2 id="cp" status="review">
  524.       <title>cp</title>
  525.       <para><command>cp</command> ÂëΩ‰ª§Á∫é§çÂà∂‰∏ĉ∏™Êñቪ∂„Äljæã¶ÇËæìÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>cp foo bar</screen> Â∞܉ºöÂàõª∫ <filename>foo</filename> Áöщ∏ĉ∏™Êã∑Ë¥ùÔºåÂπ∂ÂëΩÂêç‰∏∫ <filename>bar</filename>„ÄÇ<filename>foo</filename> Âàô‰øùÊåʼn∏çÂèò„ÄÇ</para>
  526.     </sect2>
  527.  
  528.     <sect2 id="mv" status="review">
  529.       <title>mv</title>
  530.       <para><command>mv</command> ÂëΩ‰ª§Á∫éÈáçÂëΩÂêçÊñቪ∂ÊàñËÄÖÂ∞ÜÊñቪ∂ÁߪÂà∞Âà´Â§Ñ„Älj∏æ‰æãÔºö<screen>mv foo bar</screen> Ë°®Á§∫Â∞ÜÊñቪ∂ <filename>foo</filename> ÈáçÂëΩÂêç‰∏∫ <filename>bar</filename>„ÄÇ<screen>mv foo ~/Desktop</screen> Ë°®Á§∫Â∞ÜÊñቪ∂<filename>foo</filename> ÁߪÂà∞‰Ω†ÁöÑ<filename class="directory">Desktop</filename> ÁõÆÂΩï‰∏ãÂπ∂‰øùÊåÅÂéüÊù•ÁöÑÂêçÂ≠ó„ÄÇ</para>
  531.     </sect2>
  532.  
  533.     <sect2 id="rm" status="review">
  534.       <title>rm</title>
  535.       <para><command>rm</command> Áî®Êù•Âà†Èô§Êñቪ∂„ÄÇ <screen>rm foo</screen> Ë°®Á§∫‰ªéÂΩìÂâçÁõÆÂΩïÂà†Èô§Êñቪ∂ <filename>foo</filename>„ÄÇ</para>
  536.       <para>ȪòËƧԺå <command>rm</command> Â∞܉∏çÁߪÈô§ÁõÆÂΩï„Älj∏∫‰∫ÜÁߪÈô§ÁõÆÂΩïÔºå‰Ω†ÂøÖÈ°ª‰ΩøÁî® <command>-R</command> ÈÄâÈ°π„Äljæã¶ÇÔºå<screen>rm -R foobar</screen> Â∞ÜÁߪÈô§ÁõÆÂΩï foobarÔºå <emphasis role="strong">ÂíåÂÆÉÁöÑÊâÄÊúâÂÜÖÂÆπÔºÅ</emphasis></para>
  537.     </sect2>
  538.     
  539.     <sect2 id="mkdir" status="review">
  540.       <title>mkdir</title>
  541.       <para><command>mkdir</command>Âàõª∫‰∏ĉ∏™ÁõÆÂΩï„Äljæã¶ÇËæìÂÖ•Ôºö <screen>mkdir music</screen> Â∞܉ºöÂú®ÂΩìÂâçÁõÆÂΩïÂàõª∫‰∏ĉ∏™Âêç‰∏∫ <filename class="directory">music</filename> ÁöÑÊñቪ∂§π„ÄÇ</para>
  542.     </sect2>
  543.   </sect1>
  544.   
  545.   <sect1 id="sys-info-commands" status="review">
  546.     <title>Á≥ªÁªü‰ø°ÊÅØÂëΩ‰ª§</title>
  547.     
  548.     <sect2 id="df" status="review">
  549.       <title>df</title>
  550.       <para>ÂëΩ‰ª§<command>df</command>ÊòæÁ§∫ÊâÄÊúâÂàÜÂå∫Êñቪ∂Á≥ªÁªüÁöÑÁ£ÅÁõò‰ΩøÁî®Èáè„ÄÇ<screen>df -h</screen>Â∞܉ºö‰ª• megabytes(M)Âíågigabytes(G)Êñπº艪£ÊõøÂå∫ÂùóÊòæÁ§∫(<emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis>ÊÑèÊÄùÊòØ "‰∫∫Á±ªÂèØËتÁöÑ")„ÄÇ</para>
  551.     </sect2>
  552.  
  553.     <sect2 id="free" status="review">
  554.       <title>free</title>
  555.       <para>ÂëΩ‰ª§<command>free</command>Âú®Á≥ªÁªü‰∏≠ÁöÑÁ©∫‰ΩôÂíåÂ∑≤Áî®ÂÜÖÂ≠òÊÉÖÂܵ„ÄÇ<screen>free -m</screen>Â∞܉ø°ÊÅ؉ª•megabytesÂΩ¢ÂºèÊòæÁ§∫Âá∫Êù•ÔºåÂØπÁõÆÂâçËÆ°ÁÆóÊú∫Êù•ËØ¥ÂèØËÉΩÊòØÊúÄÊúâÁî®ÁöÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  556.     </sect2>
  557.  
  558.     <sect2 id="top" status="review">
  559.       <title>top</title>
  560.       <para>ÂëΩ‰ª§<command>top</command>ÊòæÁ§∫‰∫Ü‰Ω†ÁöÑGNU/LinuxÁ≥ªÁªüÁöщø°ÊÅØÔºåÊ≠£Âú®ËøêË°åÁöÑËøõÁ®ãÂíåÁ≥ªÁªü˵ÑÊ∫êÔºåÂåÖÊ㨠CPUÔºåÂÜÖÂ≠ò & ‰∫§Êç¢ÂéªÁöщΩøÁî®ÊÉÖÂܵÂíåÊ≠£Âú®ËøêË°åÁöщªªÂä°Êï∞„ÄÇ˶ÅÈÄÄÂá∫<application>top</application>ÔºåÊåâ <keycap>q</keycap>„ÄÇ</para>
  561.     </sect2>
  562.  
  563.     <sect2 id="uname" status="review">
  564.       <title>uname</title>
  565.       <para>ÂëΩ‰ª§<command>uname</command>Â䆉∏ä<emphasis role="strong">-a</emphasis>ÈÄâÈ°π‰ºöÊâìÂç∞Âá∫ÊâÄÊúâÁöÑÁ≥ªÁªü‰ø°ÊÅØÔºåÂåÖÊã¨Êú∫Âô®ÂêçÔºåÂÜÖʆ∏Âêç&ÁâàÊú¨ÂíåÂÖ∂‰ªñÁöщ∏ĉ∫õÁªÜËäÇ ÂØπ‰∫éÊ£ÄÊü•‰Ω†Âú®‰ΩøÁΩïÁßçÂÜÖʆ∏ÊòØÈùûÂ∏∏ÊúâÁî®ÁöÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  566.     </sect2>
  567.  
  568.     <sect2 id="lsb_release" status="review">
  569.       <title>lsb_release</title>
  570.       <para><command>lsb_release</command> ÂëΩ‰ª§Â䆠<emphasis role="strong">-a</emphasis> ÂèÇÊï∞‰ºöÊâìÂç∞Âá∫ÂΩìÂâçÊ≠£Á≥ªÁªüÁöÑÂèëË°åÁâàÊú¨„Äljæã¶ÇËæìÂÖ•: <screen>lsb_release -a</screen> Â∞܉ºöÊòæÁ§∫: <screen>
  571. Êó† LSB Ê®°ÂùóÂèØÁÄÇ
  572. 发行标识:Ubuntu
  573. ËØ¥Êòé:Ubuntu 9.04 
  574. 版本:9.04
  575. 代号:jaunty</screen></para>
  576.     </sect2>
  577.  </sect1>
  578.  
  579.   <sect1 id="elevated-privileges" status="review">
  580.     <title>‰ΩøÁî®ÊèêÂçáÁöÑÊùÉÈôêÊù•ÊâßË°åÂëΩ‰ª§</title>
  581.     <para>‰∏ãÂàóÂëΩ‰ª§Â∞ÜÈúÄ˶Å<command>sudo</command>‰Ωú‰∏∫ÂâçÁºÄ„ÄÇÂèÇËßÅ<ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo">RootSudo</ulink>Ëé∑Âæó‰ΩøÁî®<command>sudo</command>Áöщø°ÊÅØ„ÄÇ</para>
  582.  
  583.     <sect2 id="add-group" status="review">
  584.       <title>Ê∑ªÂ䆉∏ĉ∏™Êñ∞ÁªÑ</title>
  585.       <para>ÂëΩ‰ª§<command>addgroup</command>Á∫éÂàõª∫Á≥ªÁªü‰∏≠ÁöÑÊñ∞ÁªÑ„ÄÇ˶ÅÊñ∞ª∫‰∏ĉ∏™ÁªÑÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>addgroup Êñ∞ÁªÑÂêç</screen> ‰ª•‰∏äÂëΩ‰ª§Â∞܉ºöÂàõª∫‰∏ĉ∏™Áß∞‰∏∫<emphasis role="strong">Êñ∞ÁªÑÂêç</emphasis>ÁöÑÊñ∞ÁªÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  586.     </sect2>
  587.     
  588.     <sect2 id="add-user" status="review">
  589.       <title>Ê∑ªÂ䆉∏ĉ∏™Êñ∞Áî®Êà∑</title>
  590.       <para><command>adduser</command>Á∫éÂàõª∫Á≥ªÁªü‰∏≠ÁöÑÊñ∞Áî®Êà∑„ÄÇ˶ÅÊñ∞ª∫‰∏ĉ∏™Áî®Êà∑ÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>adduser Êñ∞Áî®Êà∑Âêç</screen> ‰ª•‰∏äÂëΩ‰ª§Â∞܉ºöÂàõª∫‰∏ĉ∏™Áß∞‰∏∫<emphasis role="strong">Êñ∞Áî®Êà∑Âêç</emphasis>ÁöÑÊñ∞Áî®Êà∑„ÄÇ</para>
  591.       <para>˶ÅÁªôÊñ∞Áî®Êà∑ÂàÜÈÖçÂØÜÁ†ÅÔºåÂè؉ª•Áî®<command>passwd</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§Ôºö<screen>passwd newuser</screen></para>
  592.       <para>ÊúÄÂêéÔºå˶ÅÁªôÂÆâÊéíÊñ∞Áî®Êà∑Âà∞‰∏ĉ∏™Êñ∞ª∫ÁöÑÁªÑ‰∏≠ÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•Ôºö<screen>adduser newuser newgroup</screen></para>
  593.     </sect2>
  594.   </sect1>
  595.  
  596.   <sect1 id="options" status="review">
  597.     <title>ÈÄâÈ°π:</title>
  598.     <para>‰∏ÄÊù°ÂëΩ‰ª§ÁöÑȪòËƧ˰å‰∏∫ÈÄöÂ∏∏Âè؉ª•ÈÄöËøáÊ∑ªÂä†<emphasis role="strong">-- <emphasis>ÈÄâÈ°π</emphasis></emphasis>Êù•‰Ωú‰øÆÊîπ„ÄÇÊØî¶ÇÔºåÂëΩ‰ª§<link linkend="ls"><command>ls</command></link>ÊúâÈÄâÈ°π<emphasis role="strong">-s</emphasis>,Ëøôʆ∑<command>ls -s</command>Â∞܉ºöÂú®Âàó‰∏æÊó∂ÂåÖÂê´Êñቪ∂§ßÂ∞è ‰ø°ÊÅØ„ÄljπüÊúâ<emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis>ÈÄâÈ°πÊù•‰ª•‚ÄúÂèØËت‚ÄùÊñπºèÊòæÁ§∫§ßÂ∞è‰ø°ÊÅØ„ÄÇ</para>
  599.     <para>ÈÄâÈ°πÈÄöÂ∏∏ÊòØËÅöÈõÜÂú®‰∏Ä˵∑ÁöÑÔºåÊâĉª•<screen>ls -sh</screen>ÂíåÂëΩ‰ª§<screen>ls -s -h</screen>ÊòØÁ≠≪∑ÁöѠ§ßÈÉ®ÂàÜÈÄâÈ°πÊúâËæÉÈïøÁöÑÁâàÊú¨Ôºå‰ª•‰∏§Êù°Áü≠Ê®™Á∫ø‰ª£Êõø‰∏ÄÊù°Áü≠Ê®™Á∫ø‰Ωú‰∏∫ÂâçÁºÄ,Êâĉª•<screen>ls --size --human-readable</screen>Âíå‰∏äÈù¢ÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§Êò؉∏Äʆ∑ÁöÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  600.   </sect1>
  601.  
  602.   <sect1 id="man-help" status="review">
  603.     <title>"Man" ÂíåËé∑ÂæóÂ∏ÆÂä©</title>
  604.     <para><emphasis role="strong"><emphasis>command</emphasis> --help</emphasis>Âíå<emphasis role="strong">man<emphasis>command</emphasis></emphasis>ÊòØÂú®ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°å‰∏ã‰∏§ÁßçÊúÄÊúâÁî®ÁöÑÂ∑•ÂÖ∑„ÄÇ</para>
  605.     <para>‰∫ãÂÆû‰∏äÊâÄÊúâÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§ÁêÜËߣÈÄâÈ°π<emphasis role="strong">-h</emphasis> (Êàñ<emphasis role="strong">--help</emphasis>)ÔºåËøô‰ºöÁîüÊàêÂëΩ‰ª§ÁöщΩøÁî®ËØ¥ÊòéÁÆÄËø∞ÂíåÂÆÉÁöÑÈÄâÈ°π,ÁÑ∂ÂêéÈÄÄÂõûÂà∞ÂëΩ‰ª§ÊèêÁ§∫Á¨¶‰∏ã„ÄÇÈîÆÂÖ•<screen>man -h</screen>Êàñ<screen>man --help</screen>Êù•ËØïËØïÁúã„ÄÇ</para>
  606.     <para>Linux‰∏≠ÁöÑÊØè‰∏ÄÊù°ÂëΩ‰ª§ÂíåÂᆉπéÊØè‰∏ĉ∏™Â∫îÁî®Á®ãÂ∫èÈÉΩÊúâman(ËØ¥ÊòéÊâãÂÜå)Êñቪ∂ÔºåÊâĉª•ÊâæÂà∞‰ªñ‰ª¨ÊòØÂæàÂÆπÊòìÁöÑÔºåÂè™ÈúÄÈîÆÂÖ•<command>man command</command>Êù•Ëé∑ÂæóÊåáÂÆöÂÆöÂëΩ‰ª§ÁöÑËØ¥ÊòéÊâãÂÜå„ÄÇÊØî¶ÇÔºå<screen>man mv</screen>‰ºöËé∑Âæó<command>mv</command> (ÁߪÂä®)ÁöÑËØ¥ÊòéÊâãÂÜå„ÄÇ</para>
  607.     <para>‰ΩøÁî®ÊñπÂêëÈîÆÂú®manÊñቪ∂‰∏≠‰∏ä‰∏ãÁߪÂä®ÔºåÁî®<keycap>q</keycap>ÈîÆÈÄÄÂõûÂà∞ÂëΩ‰ª§ÊèêÁ§∫Á¨¶Â§Ñ„ÄÇ</para>
  608.     <para><screen>man man</screen>‰ºöËé∑Âæó<command>man</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§ÁöщΩøÁî®ËØ¥ÊòéÔºåËøôÂ∞ÜÊò؉∏ĉ∏™Âæà•ΩÁöѺÄÂßã„ÄÇ</para>
  609.     <para><screen>man intro</screen>ÁâπÂà´ÊúâÁî® - ÂÆÉÊòæÁ§∫‰∫Ü"Áî®Êà∑ÂëΩ‰ª§‰ªãÁªç"Ëøôʆ∑‰∏ÄÁØáÁÆÄÊòéÊ∏ÖÊô∞ÁöÑLinuxÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åËØ¥ÊòéÊÄßÊñáÁ´†„ÄÇ</para>
  610.     <para>‰πüÊúâ<command>info</command>È°µÔºå§ßÈÉ®ÂàÜÈÉΩÊØî<command>man</command>È°µË¶ÅÊõ¥Â§öÊõ¥‰∏∞ÂØå„ÄÇËØïËØï <screen>info info</screen>Êù•Ëé∑ÂæóinfoÈ°µÁöщªãÁªçÊÄßÂ∏ÆÂä©„ÄÇ</para>
  611.  
  612.     <sect2 id="searching-ma" status="review">
  613.       <title>Âú®ÊâãÂÜå(man)Êñቪ∂‰∏≠ÂتÊâæ</title>
  614.       <para>¶ÇÊûú‰Ω†‰∏çÊêû‰∏çÊ∏ÖÊ•öÂ∫îËØ•‰ΩøÁî®Â왉∏™ÂëΩ‰ª§ÂíåÂ∫îÁî®Á®ãÂ∫è, ‰Ω†Âè؉ª•ËØïËØïÂú®manÊâãÂÜåÊñቪ∂ÈáåÂتÊâæÁ≠îÊ°à„ÄÇ</para>
  615.       <itemizedlist>
  616.         <listitem>
  617.           <para><command>man -k foo</command>,‰ºöÊêúÁ¥¢<emphasis>foo</emphasis>ÁöÑmanÊñቪ∂„ÄÇËØïËØï<screen>man -k nautilus</screen>Áúã‰∏ĉ∏ãÂÆÉÊòضljΩïÂ∑•‰ΩúÁöÑ„ÄÇ<note>
  618.           <para>ËøôÂíå<command>apropos</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§Êò؉∏Äʆ∑ÁöÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  619.         </note></para>
  620.     </listitem>
  621.     <listitem>
  622.       <para><command>man -f foo</command>ÔºåÂè™ÊêúÁ¥¢‰Ω†Á≥ªÁªüÈáåÁöÑmanÊñቪ∂ÁöÑʆáÈ¢ò„ÄÇÊØî¶ÇÔºåËØïÁùÄÁî®<screen>man -f gnome</screen><note>
  623.           <para>ËøôÂíå<command>whatis</command>ÂëΩ‰ª§Êò؉∏Äʆ∑ÁöÑ„ÄÇ</para>
  624.         </note></para>
  625.     </listitem>
  626.       </itemizedlist>
  627.     </sect2>
  628.   </sect1>
  629.  
  630. <sect1 id="cut-paste" status="review">
  631.     <title>Ââ™Âàá‰∏éÁ≤òË¥¥</title>
  632.     <para>ÊÇ®ÁªèÂ∏∏‰ºöË¢´Ë¶ÅʱÇÂú®ÁªàÁ´Ø‰∏≠Á≤òË¥¥ÂëΩ‰ª§„ÄÇ</para>
  633.     <para>ÊÇ®ÂèØËÉΩ‰ºö‰∏çÊòéÁôΩ‰∏∫‰ªÄ‰πàÊÇ®‰ªéÁΩëÈ°µ‰∏äÁî®<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>§çÂà∂‰∏ãÊù•ÁöÑÊñáÊú¨Ê≤°Ê≥ïÁî®<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>V</keycap></keycombo>Á≤òË¥¥ÔºåÂÖ∂ÂÆû shell ÁöÑÁ≤òË¥¥‰ΩøÁî®ÁöÑÊòØÂ趉∏ĉ∏™ÁªÑÂêàÈîÆ<keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Insert</keycap></keycombo>„ÄÇËØ•Êìç‰ΩúÂêåʆ∑‰πüËÉΩÁî®Èº†Ê†áÂÆåÊàêÔºåÂè≥ÈîÆÁÇπÂáªÁªàÁ´ØÂπ∂Âú®ËèúÂçï‰∏≠ÁÇπÂáª<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Á≤òË¥¥</guimenuitem></menuchoice>Âç≥ÂèØ„ÄÇ</para>
  634.     <para>ÊÇ®‰πüÂè؉ª•Âú®ÊÇ®ÁöÑÁΩëÈ°µÊµèËßàÂô®‰∏≠ÈÄâ‰∏≠ÊâÄÈúÄÂëΩ‰ª§ÔºåÊé•ÁùÄÂú®ÁªàÁ´Ø‰∏≠ÁÇπÂáªÈº†Ê†á‰∏≠ÈîÆ(ÊàñËÄÖÂú®ÂèåÈîÆȺ†Ê†á‰∏äÂêåÊó∂Êåâ‰∏ãÊåâÈîÆ)Âç≥ÂèØÁ≤òË¥¥ÊâÄÈÄâÂëΩ‰ª§„ÄÇ</para>
  635.     <note><para>Ëøô‰∫õÂ䮉ΩúÁöÑÊ∂µ‰πâÂèØËÉΩ‰∏éÂÖ∂ÂÆÉÊ®°ÊãüÁªàÁ´ØÂÆåÂÖ®‰∏çÂêå„ÄÇËضÊÉÖËØ∑ÂèÇËÄÉÊÇ®ÁöÑÊ®°ÊãüÂô®ÊñáÊ°£„ÄÇ</para></note>
  636. </sect1>
  637.   
  638.   <sect1 id="other-things" status="review">
  639.     <title>ÂÖ∂‰ªñÊúâÁî®ÁöÑÂÜÖÂÆπ</title>
  640.     <sect2 id="save-typing" status="review">
  641.       <title>ËäÇÁúÅËæìÂÖ•</title>
  642.       <informaltable>
  643.         <tgroup cols="3">
  644.           <colspec colname="col_0"/>
  645.           <colspec colname="col_1"/>
  646.           <colspec colname="col_2"/>
  647.           <tbody>
  648.             <row>
  649.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  650.                 <para><keycap>Âêë‰∏äÁÆ≠§¥</keycap>Êàñ<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>p</keycap></keycombo></para>
  651.               </entry>
  652.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  653.                 <para>Âú®‰Ω†‰πãÂâçËæìÂÖ•ÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§‰∏≠ÂàáÊç¢</para>
  654.               </entry>
  655.             </row>
  656.             <row>
  657.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  658.                 <para><keycap>Âêë‰∏ãÁÆ≠§¥</keycap>Êàñ<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>n</keycap></keycombo></para>
  659.               </entry>
  660.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  661.                 <para>‰Ωø‰Ω†ËøîÂõûÂà∞ÊúÄËøëËæìÂÖ•ÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§</para>
  662.               </entry>
  663.             </row>
  664.             <row>
  665.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  666.                 <para>
  667.                   <keycap>ÂõûËΩ¶</keycap>
  668.                 </para>
  669.               </entry>
  670.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  671.                 <para>ÂΩì‰Ω†ÊúâÈúÄ˶ÅÁöÑÂëΩ‰ª§Êó∂</para>
  672.               </entry>
  673.             </row>
  674.             <row>
  675.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  676.                 <para>
  677.                   <keycap>Tab ÈîÆ</keycap>
  678.                 </para>
  679.               </entry>
  680.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  681.                 <para>‰∏ĉ∏™ÊûÅÂÖ∂ÊúâÁî®ÁöÑÁâπÊÄß„ÄÇÂÆÉËÉΩ§üËá™Âä®Ë°•ÂÖ®‰Ω†‰ªª‰ΩïÂëΩ‰ª§ÊàñÊñቪ∂ÂêçÔºå¶ÇÊûúÂè™Êúâ‰∏ĉ∏™ÈÄâÊã©Êó∂ÔºåÂΩìÁÑ∂ÂÆÉËøò‰ºöÂàóÂá∫ÂÖ∂‰ªñÂèØËÉΩÁöÑÈÄâÈ°π„ÄÇ</para>
  682.               </entry>
  683.             </row>
  684.           </tbody>
  685.         </tgroup>
  686.       </informaltable>
  687.     </sect2>
  688.  
  689.     <sect2 id="change-text" status="review">
  690.       <title>Êõ¥ÊîπÊñáÊú¨</title>
  691.       <para>Ⱥ†Ê†á§±Êïà„ÄljΩøÁî®<keycap>Â∑¶Âè≥ÁÆ≠§¥ÈîÆ</keycap>Êù•Âú®Ë°åÂÜÖÁߪÂ䮄ÄÇ</para>
  692.       <para>ÂΩìÂÖâʆá‰Ωç‰∫é‰Ω†ÊÉ≥Êìç‰ΩúÈÇ£‰∏ÄË°åÔºåÈîÆÂÖ•ÊñáÊú¨<emphasis>inserts</emphasis>ÔºåËøô‰∏牺ö˶ÜÁõñÂ∑≤ÊúâÂÜÖÂÆπ„ÄÇ</para>
  693.       <informaltable>
  694.         <tgroup cols="3">
  695.           <colspec colname="col_0"/>
  696.           <colspec colname="col_1"/>
  697.           <colspec colname="col_2"/>
  698.           <tbody>
  699.             <row>
  700.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  701.                 <para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>a</keycap></keycombo> Êàñ <keycap>Home</keycap></para>
  702.               </entry>
  703.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  704.                 <para>ÁߪÂä®ÂÖâʆáÂà∞‰∏ÄË°åÁöÑ<emphasis>ºÄÂßã</emphasis>§Ñ.</para>
  705.               </entry>
  706.             </row>
  707.             <row>
  708.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  709.                 <para><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>e</keycap></keycombo> Êàñ<keycap>End</keycap></para>
  710.               </entry>
  711.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  712.                 <para>ÁߪÂä®ÂÖâʆáÂà∞Ë°åÁöÑ<emphasis>Êú´Â∞æ</emphasis></para>
  713.               </entry>
  714.             </row>
  715.             <row>
  716.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  717.                 <para>
  718.           <keycombo>
  719.             <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
  720.             <keycap>k</keycap>
  721.           </keycombo>
  722.                 </para>
  723.               </entry>
  724.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  725.                 <para>Âà†Èô§ÂΩìÂâçÂÖâʆá§ÑÂà∞Êú¨Ë°åÁªìÂ∞æÁöÑÊâÄÊúâÂÜÖÂÆπ„ÄÇ</para>
  726.               </entry>
  727.             </row>
  728.             <row>
  729.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  730.                 <para>
  731.           <keycombo>
  732.             <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
  733.             <keycap>u</keycap>
  734.           </keycombo>
  735.                 </para>
  736.               </entry>
  737.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  738.                 <para>Âà†Èô§ÂΩìÂâçË°åÁöÑÂÜÖÂÆπ„ÄÇ</para>
  739.               </entry>
  740.             </row>
  741.             <row>
  742.               <entry colsep="1" rowsep="1">
  743.                 <para>
  744.           <keycombo>
  745.             <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
  746.             <keycap>w</keycap>
  747.           </keycombo>
  748.                 </para>
  749.               </entry>
  750.               <entry align="left" colsep="1" namest="col_1" rowsep="1" nameend="col_2">
  751.                 <para>Âà†Èô§ÂÖâʆáÂâçÁöÑÂçïËØç„ÄÇ</para>
  752.               </entry>
  753.             </row>
  754.           </tbody>
  755.         </tgroup>
  756.       </informaltable>
  757.     </sect2>
  758.   </sect1>
  759.   
  760.   <sect1 id="more-info" status="review">
  761.     <title>Êõ¥Â§ö‰ø°ÊÅØ</title>
  762.     <para>‰∏ãÈù¢ÁöÑÂú®Á∫øÊåáÂçóÂèØÁî®</para>
  763.     <itemizedlist>
  764.       <listitem>
  765.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGetHowto">¶ljΩï‰ΩøÁî®apt-get</ulink> - ‰ΩøÁî®apt-getÂú®ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°å‰∏ãÂÆâË£ÖËΩ؉ª∂ÂåÖ.</para>
  766.       </listitem>
  767.       <listitem>
  768.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine"> Âú®ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°å‰∏ãÁºñËæëÊ∫ê</ulink> - ÈÄöËøáÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÊ∑ªÂä†Universe/MultiverseÊ∫ê(Ê≥®Ôºö
  769. UniverseÊ∫êÊèê‰æõÁöÑÊòØÈùûUbuntu ÂÆòÊñπÁª¥Êä§ÁöÑÁöÑËá™Áî±ËΩ؉ª∂,MultiverseÊ∫êÊèê‰æõÁöÑÊòØÈùûUbuntuÂÆòÊñπÁª¥Êä§ÁöÑÁöÑÈùûËá™Áî±ËΩ؉ª∂)„ÄÇ</para>
  770.       </listitem>
  771.       <listitem>
  772.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/grep">¶ljΩï‰ΩøÁî®grep</ulink> - grepÊò؉∏ĉ∏™Âú®ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°å‰∏ãÈùûÂ∏∏ÊúâÁî®ÁöÑÊêúÁ¥¢Â∑•ÂÖ∑„ÄÇ</para>
  773.       </listitem>
  774.       <listitem>
  775.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/find">find </ulink> - Âú®ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°å‰∏ãÊü•ÊâæÊñቪ∂.</para>
  776.       </listitem>
  777.       <listitem>
  778.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommandlineHowto"> CommandlineHowto</ulink> - ÊØîÊú¨Âü∫Êú¨ÊåáÂçóÊúâÊõ¥Â§öËÆ≤Ëø∞Ôºå‰Ω܉ªçÊú™ÂÆåÊàê.</para>
  779.       </listitem>
  780.       <listitem>
  781.         <para><ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToReadline"> Â¶Ç‰Ωï‰ΩøÁî®readline</ulink> - Êèê‰æõ‰∏ĉ∫õÁõ∏ÂØπÈ´òÁ∫ßÁöÑËá™ÂÆö‰πâÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÁöщø°ÊÅØ.</para>
  782.       </listitem>
  783.     </itemizedlist>
  784.     <para>˶ÅËé∑ÂæóLinuxÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÁöÑÊõ¥Â§öÁªÜËäÇÁöщªãÁªçÔºåËØ∑ÂèÇËßÅ:</para>
  785.     <itemizedlist>
  786.       <listitem>
  787.         <para>ulink url="http://linuxcommand.org/"/>- Âü∫Êú¨BASH‰ªãÁªç,ÂåÖÊã¨BASHËÑöÊú¨ÁºñÁ®ã„ÄÇ
  788. (Ê≥®ÔºöBASHÊò؉∏ĉ∏™Â∏∏Áî®Shell,  ÂÆÉÊúâ40‰∏™ÂÜÖª∫ÂëΩ‰ª§Âíå12‰∏™ÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÂèÇÊï∞)</para>
  789.       </listitem>
  790.       <listitem>
  791.         <para><ulink url="http://linuxsurvival.com/index.php"/>- Âü∫‰∫éJavaÁöщªãÁªç</para>
  792.       </listitem>
  793.       <listitem>
  794.         <para><ulink url="http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz"/>- ‰∏ĉ∏™ÂÖ≥‰∫éÁ≥ªÁªüÁÆ°ÁêÜÂÜÖÂÆπÈùûÂ∏∏‰∏∞ÂØåÁöÑÂú®Á∫øÁîµÂ≠ê‰π¶, ÂᆉπéÂõäÊ㨉∫ÜÊâÄÊúâÂëΩ‰ª§Ë°åÁöÑÂÜÖÂÆπ.</para>
  795.       </listitem>
  796.     </itemizedlist>
  797.   </sect1>
  798. </article>
  799.